German
15 cm/55 (5.9") SK C/28
Updated 05 May 2007
This weapon was used on the German Battleships in both twin and single mounts and was considered to be quite successful.  However, the German practice of using separate single purpose anti-ship and anti-aircraft batteries was wasteful of both space and weight.

A number of guns were used as coastal artillery.  Two twin mountings originally planned for the cancelled carrier Graf Zeppelin were emplaced by September 1942 in northern Finland in the Petsamo area.  A further two twin mountings were used in Northern Norway near Finmark.  This latter battery was moved in 1945 north of Tromsø.  Following the German surrender, this battery was taken over by the Norwegians and then used as part of their coastal defenses at Harstad.

Some of these guns survived into the 1990s.  The small battleship Gneisenau was decommissioned in 1943 and then dearmed, with her guns then used in coastal fortifications in Denmark.  In 1952, Denmark emplaced two of the twin mountings as coastal defense guns at Fort Stevns.  These mountings were reduced to reserve status in 1984, but as of 1994 they were still being fired every year as part of mobilization training.

The main components of this gun were the loose barrel, a jacket and a breech end-piece with a vertical sliding wedge breech.  The breech mechanism was hand worked.

All German 15 cm guns had an actual bore diameter of 14.91 cm (5.87 in).
WNGER_59-55_skc28_Scharnhorst_pic.jpg

15 cm/55 (5.9") mounts on Scharnhorst or Gneisenau
The weapons at a 40 degree angle are 10.5 cm/65 (4.1") SK C/33 AAA
U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph # NH 97507
.
Click here for additional pictures
.
.
Gun Characteristics
.
Designation 15 cm/55 (5.9") SK C/28
Ship Class Used On Deutschland, Scharnhorst and Bismarck classes
Planned for "H" battleships, Kreuzer "M" and Graf Zeppelin classes
Date Of Design 1928
Date In Service 1934
Gun Weight 20,018 lbs. (9,080 kg)
Gun Length oa 323 in (8.200 m)
Bore Length 307.7 in (7.816 m)
Rifling Length 259 in (6.588 m)
Grooves (44) 0.069 in deep x 0.242 in (1.75 mm x 6.14 mm)
Lands 0.177 in (4.5 mm)
Twist Increasing RH 1 in 50 to 1 in 30
Chamber Volume 1,324 in3 (21.7 dm3)
Rate Of Fire 6 - 8 rounds per minute
.
Ammunition
.
Type Separate
Projectile Types and Weights APC - 99.87 lbs. (45.3 kg)
HE, nose fuzed - 99.87 lbs. (45.3 kg)
HE, base fuzed - 99.87 lbs. (45.3 kg)
Illum - 90.4 lbs. (41 kg)
Bursting Charge APC - 1.95 lbs. (0.885 kg)
HE, nose fuze - 8.6 lbs (3.89 kg)
HE, base fuze - 6.7 lbs. (3.06 kg)
Projectile Length APC - 21.9 in (55.5 cm)
HE, nose fuze - 25.8 in (65.5 cm)
HE, base fuze - 26.7 in (67.9 cm)
Propellant Charge 31.2 lbs. (14.15 kg) RPC/38 (7.5/3)
Cartridge - 51.8 lbs. (23.5 kg)
Muzzle Velocity AP and HE - 2,871 fps (875 mps)
Illum - N/A
Working Pressure 19 tons/in2 (3,000 kg/cm2)
Approximate Barrel Life 1,100 rounds
Ammunition stowage per gun Bismarck and "H":  105 rounds (see Note 2)
Scharnhorst:  133 to 150 rounds
Panzerschiffes:  100 to 150 rounds
Graf Zeppelin:  115 rounds
"M" class:  120 rounds
Notes:

1) Outfits included APC, base and nose fuzed HE with and without tracer and illumination.  However, APC was rarely carried.

2) This is the design figure.  "German Warships 1815-1945" says that the actual outfit was 150 rounds.

3) APC and HE ballistic caps had a radius of 8.5 calibers.  The tangent of the ballistic cap to the shell body was inclined at 5 degrees, which resulted in a projectile with a short overall length.

4) Actual German designations:
   APC:  15 cm Pzgr. L/3,7 (m.Hb)
   HE, nose fuze:  15 cm Spgr. L/4,4 Kz (m.Hb)
   HE, base fuze:  15 cm Spgr. L/4,5 Bdz (m.Hb)
.
Range
.
Elevation With 99.87 lbs. (45.3 kg) HE Shell
Range @ 35 degrees 24,060 yards (22,000 m)
Range @ 40 degrees 25,153 yards (23,000 m)
.
Mount / Turret Data
.
Designation Twin Turrets
   Scharnhorst (4), Bismarck (6) and "H" (6):  Dop. L. C/34 (Drh L. C/34)
   Kreuzer "M":  N/A (Possibly Drh L. C/40)
 

Twin Casemate Mounts
    Graf Zeppelin (8):  Dop. MLC/36 (MPL C/36)

Single Pedestal Mounts
   Deutschland (8):  MPL/28
   Scharnhorst (4):  MPL/35
Weight  Twin Turrets
  Bismarck
      With range finder:  256,290 lbs. (116,250 kg)
      W/O range finder:  242,500 lbs. (110,000 kg)
      W/O range finder and short barbette:  238,100 lbs. (108,000 kg)
  Scharnhorst:  264,555 lbs. (120,000 kg)
  Kreuzer "M":  242,508 lbs. (110,000 kg)

Single Mounts
  Deutschland:  54,740.8 lbs. (24,830 kg)
  Scharnhorst:  58,885.5 lbs. (26,710 kg)

Casemate Twin Mount
  Graf Zeppelin:  103,617 lbs. (47,600 kg)
Elevation Drh Mounts:  -10 / +40 degrees

MPL/28 and MPL/35 Mounts:  -10 / +35 degrees

MPL/36 Mounts:  -10 / +37 degrees
Elevation Rate 8 degrees per second
Train
(see Note 2)		 360 degrees
Train Rate 9 degrees per second
Gun recoil 14.6 in (37 cm)
Loading Angle About +3 degrees
Notes:

1) The twin turrets did not have the guns individually sleeved.  Bismarck and Tirpitz had one turret on each side equipped with a 6.5 m (21 feet 4 inches) rangefinder.  

2) The gun axes were 31.5 inches (80 cm) apart.

3) Most of these mountings were designed to be able to make one complete revolution in either direction from the mid (fore and aft) position for a total of 720 degrees of train.  Firing arcs were restricted to about -80 / +80 degrees for the battleships and about -150 / +150 degrees on the cruisers.
.
Data from
"Naval Weapons of World War Two" by John Campbell
"The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems 1994 Update" by Norman Friedman
"Battleships:  Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II" by W.H. Garzke, Jr. and R.O. Dulin, Jr.
"German Warships 1815-1945" by Erich Gröner
"German Cruisers of World War Two," "German Capital Ships of World War Two" and "Graf Zeppelin" article in "Warship Volume VIII" all by M.J. Whitley
---
Letter by Arne Ingar Tandberg in "Warship Volume X"