This was the main Russian AA gun of 1920s and 30s and remained in use by both the Army and Navy until World War II. This gun was designed in the summer 1913 by engineer Tarnovski, but due to political infighting, Tarnovski was forced to sell his design to the Putilov factory where it was slightly modified by engineer Lender and was hence forth known by his name. Production started in August 1914 and twelve guns were produced during the first production lot. An additional twenty mounts with the elevation increased to +65 degrees were ordered by the Navy for delivery in July 1916, but none of these were actually delivered. The guns did not enter naval service until the Russian Civil War, but they were removed from ships almost immediately and then installed on trucks, armored trains and fixed land mountings.
Production was halted in 1921, but then restarted in 1922 and continued until 1934. In 1922, they received the official index 8-K, but they remained known as "Lender's Guns" during their service life. By World War II, this was an obsolete weapon, but several dozen were still used during the war.
This weapon was used with a wide variety of rounds, being able to fire all of the rounds for the Army's 3" (7.62 cm) Pattern 1902 field gun plus over a dozen specifically designed AA rounds (mostly different kinds of shrapnel). Such diversity can be explained by the chaotic situation existing in Russia during this weapon's production and the fact that AA gunnery was still very much in the experimental stage.
The original gun was a built-up design, but in the 1930s production was switched to a linered barrel. Used a vertical sliding breech block, with inertial semi-automatics.
| Designation | 3"/30 (7.62 cm) Pattern 1914/15 "Lender's Gun" (8-K) |
|---|---|
| Ship Class Used On | Battleships: Gangut class, Imp. Alexandr II
Cruisers: Prut, Avrora, Chervona Ukraina class, Krasnyi Kavkaz Destroyers: Some Gavriil class, Izyaslav class, some Orfei class, Modified Ushakov class Other: River craft, armored trains and coast defense mountings |
| Date Of Design | 1913 |
| Date In Service | 1914 |
| Gun Weight | 970 lbs. (440 kg) |
| Gun Length oa | 90.83 in (2.307 m) |
| Bore Length | N/A |
| Rifling Length | 70.47 in (1.790 m) |
| Grooves | 24 |
| Lands | N/A |
| Twist | N/A |
| Chamber Volume | 103.7 in3 (1.7 dm3) |
| Rate Of Fire | According to manual: 30 rounds per minute Practical: 10-12 rounds per minute |
| Type | Fixed |
|---|---|
| Weight of Complete Round | N/A |
| Projectile Types and Weights |
|
| Bursting Charge | N/A |
| Projectile Length | Shrapnel (Sh-354P): 3.6 calibers |
| Propellant Container Type and Weight | Cartridge: N/A |
| Propellant Charge | N/A |
| Muzzle Velocity | 1,929 fps (588 mps) |
| Working Pressure | 2300 kg/cm2 |
| Approximate Barrel Life | 5000 |
| Ammunition stowage per gun | N/A |
| Elevation | Distance |
|---|---|
| Max. Ballistic Range | 10,390 yards (9,500 m) |
| Max. AA Ceiling with 22-second fuze | 19,000 feet (5,800 m) |
| Max. AA Ceiling with T-3 fuze | 20,000 feet (6,100 m) |
| Designation | Single AA Mount |
|---|---|
| Weight | 2,866 lbs. (1,300 kg) |
| Elevation | Older mounts: -5 / +65 degrees
Newer mounts: -5 / +75 degrees World War II mounts: -5 / +85 degrees |
| Rate of Elevation | 2 degrees per second |
| Train | 360 degrees |
| Rate of Train | 3.6 degrees per second |
| Gun Recoil | 16.54 - 17.72 in (42 -45 cm) |
"Sovetskie Boevye Korabli 1941-45: IV Vooruzhnie" (Soviet Warships 1941-45: Volume IV Armament) by A.V. Platonov
"Entsiklopedia Otechestvennoi Artillerii" (Encyclopedia of Fatherland (Russian) Artillery) by A.V. Shirokorad
---
Special help from Vladimir Yakubov and Stanislav aka Sibork
21 November 2007 - Benchmark
21 May 2018 - Updated to HTML 5 format and added Military Museum, Belgrade photograph